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- Presented by
- Stanley & Eric M. Saperstein
- Artisans of the Valley
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- Artisans of the Valley
- 103 Corrine Drive
Pennington, NJ 08534
- 609-637-0450 / 609-637-0452 fax
- www.artisansofthevalley.com
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- Stanley D. Saperstein, Master
- 30 Years Experience; Woodcarver, Joiner, Finisher, Designer, Cabinet
& Furniture Maker, Antique Conservationist.
- Formal Seven Year Apprenticeship w/ C.N. Grinnell
- Founder Artisans of the Valley, 1973.
- Director of Preservation for The Swan Foundation, NJ National Guard
Museum, Camp Olden Civil War Round Table.
- Eric M. Saperstein, Journeyman
- 15 Years Experience; Woodcarver, Joiner, Finisher, Designer, Cabinet
& Furniture Maker, Antique Conservationist.
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- Artisans of the Valley - Hand Crafted Custom Woodworking
- Founded 1973 in Ewing, NJ and Moved to Pennington in 1979
- Transferred to Eric in 2001.
- Specializing in Antique Restoration, Period Reproductions, Woodcarving,
and Furniture & Cabinetmaking.
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- Presentation Agenda Part I
- Discuss and Define “Antiques”
- Defining the great “Periods.”
- Example Works
- Pilgrim Furniture
- Jacobean Period
- William & Mary
- Queen Anne
- Chippendale
- Federal
- Victorian
- Mission
- Country
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- Presentation Agenda Part II
- Identifying Antiques
- Concepts of Preservation/Restoration
- Philosophy of Restoration
- Museum Quality
- Family Heirlooms
- Investments
- Deciding Appropriate Conservation of a Piece
- Purchasing Damaged Pieces
- Evaluating Audience Pieces
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- Formal Antique Furniture 1840 - Prior
- Hand Made 1840 & Prior Confirmed hand crafted before the industrial
revolution.
- Exhibits linear saw markings
- Signs of scraped surfaces – grain is burnished closed.
- Hand carving
- Veneer 1/16th inch, often irregular thickness.
- Solid wood drawer bottoms, often beveled edges.
- Dove tails and joint work are irregular
- Cut nails, almost no screws
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- Formal Antique Furniture 1840 - Prior:
- Wrought Iron & Cast Brass Hardware
- Stains oil stain or no stain
- Hand rubbed finish of shellac or occasionally natural oil finish
- Milk paints or natural dye pigmented stains.
- Limited use of glue, Hyde glue only.
- Paneled construction, ship lathing, tung and grove.
- Solid wood backing and hidden components.
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- Machine Era Furniture 1840 - 1930
- Combined machine made joints & hand
- Circular Saw Markings.
- Unfinished surfaces show planner “chatter.”
- Sanded surfaces.
- Veneering 1/32nd on less expensive pieces
- Plywood drawer bottoms.
- Machine – Rotary bit carving.
- Machine finger joints & dove tails.
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- Machine Era Furniture 1840 - 1930
- Use of screws, early blunt head later pointed
- Stamped steel & brass hardware
- Stains oil stain or no stain
- Hand or Spray Finish shifting to varnish later lacquer
- Thicker oil based paints.
- Use of glue more common, introduction of artificial glues.
- Often Plywood backing.
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- Mass Production 1930 – 1980 (Non-Antique)
- Wire nails
- Stamped plated hardware – brass, chrome, etc
- Wiping surface layering stains
- Almost exclusive use of spray lacquer or urethane finish
- Oil into Latex paint.
- Common use of glue, urethanes, polymers, etc.
- Thin plywood or pressboard backings, introduction of cardboard.
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- Mass Production 1930 – 1980 (Non-Antique)
- All Machine made joint work
- Little saw markings, all surfaces planed and sanded.
- Polished sanded finish surface
- Veneering 1/32nd
- Initial use of artificial laminates 1950 forward.
- Introduction of fiberboard & pressboard.
- Plywood, drawer bottoms.
- Machine – Rotary bit carving.
- Often dowel jointed drawers or stapled drawers.
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- Mass Production 1930 – 1980 (Non-Antique)
- Phillips screws, engineered metal “brackets” and fasteners.
- Wire nails,
- Stamped plated hardware – brass, chrome, etc
- Wiping surface layering stains
- Almost exclusive use of spray lacquer or urethane finish
- Oil into Latex paint.
- Common use of glue, urethanes, polymers, etc.
- Thin plywood or pressboard backings, introduction of cardboard.
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- Mass Production 1980 – Present (CNC)
- CNC computer controlled production
- CNC Machine made joint work
- Engineered lumber and laminated structure.
- Materials recovery using “finger jointed” random units.
- No saw markings, all surfaces planed and sanded.
- Polished sanded finish surface
- Veneering 1/64th often paper backed.
- Extensive use of artificial laminates.
- Plywood, often fiberboard or masonite drawer bottoms.
- Machine – Rotary bit carving.
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- “The Fake” Modern High quality reproduction reviling original
craftsmanship, specifications, and qualities.
- Often thin finishes, showing age, crazing in finish surface and
chemical aging of wood surface utilized.
- All hardware appropriate to period, no use of modern fasteners, screws,
etc.
- No signs of modern glue.
- Turnings are true round, not showing slight oblong from age.
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- “The Fake” Modern High quality reproduction reviling original
craftsmanship, specifications, and qualities.
- A reproduction is NOT a fake, without false claims.
- Utilizes antique “aged” wood.
- Appropriate period tool markings.
- Hand unique irregular appearance.
- Shellac finish / natural oil using period processed solutes.
- Distressed appearance, showing standard age & wear.
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- Mass Production 1980 – Present (CNC)
- Often dowel jointed drawers or stapled drawers
- Phillips screws, engineered plastic “brackets” and fasteners.
- Wire nails, pins, and staples.
- Stamped plated hardware – brass, chrome, etc
- Single coat finishes almost exclusive use of colored lacquer finish
- Oil into Latex paint.
- All glues polymer, urethane, etc no natural formulas.
- Masonite, cardboard, or very thin plywood backings.
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- 1620-1690 includes Jacobean, Tudor, & Restoration
- Limited joint work, often wrought iron braces.
- Built by necessity for function, limited ornamentation.
- Limited skilled craftsmen & tooling available.
- Often crude, irregular – symmetry of parts skewed.
- Simplified English styles of English influence.
- Materials oak, pine, ash, walnut, all common Eastern Woods.
- Often painted black to faux ebony
- Shellac & Oil Finishes.
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- Priority on home and shelter building.
- Tools multi-purpose homes & furniture.
- Skill levels limited, knowledge of tools often scarce.
- Improvising and creativity to gain and use of all available materials
function prevailed.
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- American "Great Hall Table".
- Base has all edges champhered
- Top is supported on decorated turnings joining it to the central beam
joining the trestle ends.
- The top has breadboard ends.
- No Carving
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- Oak Table
- Double Turned Legs
- Plank Top
- Edge Band Only
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- Famous Brewster Chest
- Original Mayflower Heritage
- Circa 17th, Holland.
- Iron & Norway pine
- Most important Pilgrim Piece use as table, storage, seating.
- Dark reddish-brown paint
- Iron strap reinforced six board design.
- Hardware includes inside hinges, typical of the era.
- Image Source: www.pilgrimhall.org/brechest.htm
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- Winslow Arm Chair
- Materials Red Oak
- Framing of Squared parts
- Mortise and tenon joints
- Thin rectangular panels
- Upholstery velvet
- Image Source: www.pilgrimhall.org/WinslowJChair.htm
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- The Brewster Chair
- Circa 1630-1670
- American White Ash.
- Prominent turnings.
- Dowell joint work.
- Originally crafted by John Eddy(1595-1684)
- Image Source: www.pilgrimhall.org/brechair.htm
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- Made in Duxbury
- Circa 1680-1720
- Maple and white Pine.
- sleeping baby visible from almost any position.
- Faux joint work, made of solid pine boards
- Ornamentation as turnings
- Often made by carpenters
- Image Source:
www.pilgrimhall.org/F-cradles.htm
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- Material Black Walnut.
- Housing the family Bible, records, special documents, and even prized
seeds.
- Originals very rare today.
- Wooden hinges.
- Hand carving, often personalized with initials or family crests.
- Pegged joints
- Natural shellac finish
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Jacobean, 1603-1688 – Inspired by primitive early American works by the
original colonists.
- Name after James I and Charles I (1603-1649).
- Commonwealth Style (1649-1660).
- Carloean, after Charles II (1660-1688)
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- Jacobean, 1603-1688 – Inspired by primitive early American works by the
original colonists.
- Predominantly oak, in massive, sturdy style.
- Flat chair surfaces, lines square and rectangular.
- Carving in low relief.
- Pegged mortise and tenon joints.
- Some veneering and inlay were used
- Common painted finished.
- Leather, tapestries, crewelwork, wool, linen, silk, and velvet.
- Heavy, spiral, and melon ball turnings
- Knobbed bun feet on chests and tables.
- Tables were rectangular in shape.
- Gate-leg circular tables were
introduced at this time as well.
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- Jacobean, 1603-1688
- Named after James I and Charles I (1603-1649).
- Commonwealth Style (1649-1660).
- Carloean, after Charles II (1660-1688)
- Oak, in massive, sturdy style, square and rectangular.
- Simple construction; pegged mortise and tenon joints.
- Flat chair surfaces, tables were rectangular in shape.
- Heavy, spiral, and melon ball turnings
- Knobbed bun feet on chests and tables.
- Carving in low relief.
- Some veneering and inlay introduced.
- Common painted finished.
- Use of leather, tapestries, crewelwork, wool, linen, silk, &
velvet.
- Signs of gate-leg circular tables appeared.
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- Circa 1640
- Entirely of red oak.
- Mortis & tenon joints
- Wooden hinges on lid.
- Kalem Winslow, pilgrim coffin maker, attributed.
- Commonly in the Connecticut river region.
- Hand carving face only.
- Jacobean stain & shellac finish.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Circa 1650
- Entirely of red oak.
- Bedside blanket chest.
- Common during Colonial times to store blankets, pillows, and other
personal items.
- Mortis & Tenon construction with panels.
- Wooden hinged lid.
- Hand carving face only.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Jacobean Armchair
- Elaborate hand-carved design on almost all surfaces.
- Leather upholstery
- Turnings and dowel joint work.
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- Jacobean Armchair
- Elaborate turnings
- Leather upholstery
- Turnings and dowel joint work.
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- Solid Oak
- Featured Apron
- Extensive Carving
- Single Turned legs
- Lower beam
- Dark finish
- Plank Top
- Arched Feet
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- I-Beam Trestle Style
- Solid Oak
- Prominent Apron
- Extensive Carving
- Apron
- Banded Top
- Mortis & Tenon Joints
- Pegged Construction
- Artisans Reproduction
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- American Stamp Box Circa 1700
- European Relic Box, which had been carved for centuries in Europe to
house small religious relics such as locks of hair.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Friesian Desk Box
- Circa 1720
- The geometric carved pattern
- Pegged Joints
- Slat Top
- Beaded edges
- Brass hinges
- Artisans Reproduction
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- William and Mary, 1689-1725
- Named for Mary Stuart, ascended in 1689.
- Dutch & French influence through Mary’s craftsmen.
- Walnut became the most widely used wood.
- Carving flowers, foliage, cupids, wreaths, and c-scrolls.
- Gilding, painting, and lacquering common.
- Marquetry and veneering common, including tabletops.
- Almost all turned pieces use the bell-shaped cup.
- Tables rectangular in shape, with "X" stretchers.
- Upholstery on almost all chairs and couches using tapestry, petit point
embroidery, damask, brocade, velvet, and chintz.
- Significant number of pieces imported from England.
- The highboy was introduced.
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- Side Table
- Solid oak
- Veneer Fronts
- Barley twist legs
- Beaded Plank top
- Teardrop pulls
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- Arm Chair
- Leather Upholstery
- Mahogany
- Extensive Carving
- Cabriole Legs
- Fluting
- Solid Back
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- Side Chair
- Leather Upholstery
- Mahogany
- Extensive Carving
- Cabriole Legs
- Fluting
- Solid Back
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- Chest on Stand
- Walnut
- Veneering
- Turned Legs
- Natural Finish
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- Queen Anne, 1725-1750
- Often called the "first modern furniture period."
- Cabriole leg almost universal on all pieces with clean flowing lines.
- Windsor and Bannister chairs.
- Comfort and simplicity over ornament in all designs.
- Primarily walnut, limited use of oak, pine, and ash. Mahogany towards
the end of the period.
- Carving, when used, is simple and low in relief:
- Scalloped shell, which appears at the knees of cariole legs, the top of
the chair rails, or the center of seat frames. Acanthus and floral
motifs.
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- Queen Anne, 1725-1750
- Favored overstuffed fabrics: damask, brocade, velvet, & embossed
leather.
- Chair seats are shaped, feet are the Dutch pad food or the drake foot.
- The gate-leg cabriole tables gained ground during the period, and
- The highboy was developed with cabriole legs.
- Lowboys became popular dining room pieces.
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- Corner Cupboard
- Hand Carved Shell.
- Material mahogany.
- Hand fluting.
- Split turnings.
- Raised panel doors.
- Solid wood Tung and grove backing.
- Turned finials.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Queen Anne Carved Armchair.
- Made in Philadelphia, 1740-1760
- Materials solid walnut.
- Cabriole legs, clean lines scrolling arms and solid single slat back.
- Sold for $1,980,000 October 1999
World Auction Record for an American Armchair
New York, Rockefeller Center
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- The Sarah Slocum Chippendale Block-and-Shell Carved Chest of Drawers
- Labeled by John Townsend (1732-1809)
- Materials solid mahogany.
- Shell carvings
- Brass pulls
- Sold for $4,700,000 June 1998
World Auction Record for John Townsend Furniture, NY
Rockefeller Center
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- Artisans of the Valley Reproduction Queen Anne Floating Top Tea Table
- Material solid walnut
- Circa 1705
- Spoon foot cabriole legs
- Floating piecrust top.
- Compound full cabriole skirt work is hand carved.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Artisans of the Valley Reproduction Lowboy
- Materials solid walnut
- Hand-carved drawer front.
- Solid brass pulls
- Spoon foot cabriole legs.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Highboy Chest of Drawers
- Materials solid cherry
- Drawer front carvings
- Brass hardware
- Delicate cabriole spoon foot legs
- Fretwork apron
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- Tilt top table.
- Materials Mahogany.
- Three legs.
- Simple spoon foot.
- Turned pedestal.
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- Drop Leaf Table
- Materials mahogany
- Cabriole Legs
- Gateleg design with drop leaf.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Georgian, 1714-1806
- Covers the reigns of George I, II, and III.
- The period is the richest in terms of new styles and famous craftsmen
who invented the styles.
- Early Georgian (1714-1740)
- Late Georgian (1740-1806)
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- Georgian, 1714-1806
- Early Georgian (1714-1740)
- Increased use of mahogany, the king of carving woods. The French and
Oriental influences were strong,
- Carving was heavy on many pieces.
- Lines were flowing, the use of the curve was predominated.
- Late Georgian (1740-1806)
- The great craftsmen were dominant.
- Broken into Chippendale, Sheraton, Adam, and Hepplewhite.
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- Pedestal Table
- Mahogany
- Turned pedestal
- Elegant, simple no carving.
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- Georgian style Windsor Chairs
- Ornate center slate
- Turned legs
- Use of dowel slats
- Elegance, light appearance
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- Georgian Side Chair
- Solid Mahogany
- Fretwork Back
- Extensive Carving
- Ball and Claw Feet
- Cabriole Legs
- Moiré Upholstery
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- Low Dresser
- Solid Oak
- Turned legs
- Fretwork
- Brass Pulls
- Beaded edges
- Platform base
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- Slope front bureau
- Slope Front
- Circa 1800
- Mahogany
- Brass Pulls
- Simple, no carving
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- Chippendale, 1714-1779
- Thomas Chippendale first not a reigning monarch to give his name to
furniture style.
- He was both designer and master craftsman.
- His "Director," published in 1754, opened a new era in
furniture making and is still used today.
Derived styles from a combination of English, French, and
Chinese designs.
- Graceful and well-proportioned.
- Comfort was sometimes sacrificed for appearance.
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- Chippendale, 1714-1779
- Early cabriole legs; later pieces have strait legs.
- Carving was the main type of decoration, favorite styles being lions'
paws, shells, acanthus, acorns, roses, dolphins, and scrolls.
- Fretwork is used extensively,
- Veneering occasionally.
- Occasional guilding and lacquering.
- Inlay, painting, or applied ornament is also used.
- Practically all of Chippendale's
furniture is mahogany.
- Upholstered materials include leather in colors, brocade, velour,
satin, and plush.
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- Curio Display Cabinet
- Solid mahogany.
- Brass face hinges.
- Turned finial
- Simple moldings.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Chippendale Secretary
- Artisans of the Valley restoration
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- Tea Table
- Mahogany
- Carved piecrust top
- Pedestal Base
- Fluted turnings
- Ball and Claw Feet
- Carved legs
- Sold for $2,400,000
January 1995
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- The John Cadwalader Hairy-paw Foot Side Chair
- Extensive carving, fretwork, ball and claw feet, curving apron.
- Fine upholstery.
- Sold for $1,400,000
October 1999
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- Armchair
- Mahogany
- Highly ornate carving
- Ball and claw feet
- Use of rosettes
- Cabriole legs and apron
- Leather upholstery
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- Side chair
- Mahogany
- Highly ornate carving
- Ball and claw feet
- Cabriole legs & apron
- Moiré Upholstery
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- The Nicholas Brown Chippendale Block-and-Shell Carved Desk and Bookcase.
- Attributed to John Goddard,
- Sold for $12,100,000
June 1989
- Solid Mahogany
- Brass Pools
- Raised Panels
- Shell Carvings
- Finials
- Ornate bonnet.
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- The Bliss Family Chippendale Carved and Blocked Mahogany Chest-on-Chest,
1770-1785
- Sold for $1,200,000
January 1997
- Solid mahogany
- Ornate Bonnet
- Eagle Finial
- Shell Carvings
- Fluting
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- Hepplewhite, 1750-1786
- George Hepplewhite was a practical cabinetmaker who produced a
simplified version of Louis XVI furniture.
- Mahogany is the favored wood, with some satin-wood birch and sycamore.
- Lines and proportions are graceful, refined, and slender, though
sturdy.
- Chairs, settees, and other pieces are all built on a smaller scale than
heretofore produced.
- Slender, fluted legs with spade feet.
- The graceful curve predominated, especially on chair backs.
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- Hepplewhite, 1750-1786
- Dainty carving is sparingly used, consisting mostly of classical
motifs, wheatears, ferns, husks, urns, rosettes, and Prince of Wales
feathers, which he introduced.
- Upholstery used was striped damask, silk, stain, and red and blue
morocco with horsehair stuffing.
- Hepplewhite’s favorite pieces were for the dining room. He popularized
the sideboard, and the
- Urns carved on all legs can always identify a Hepplewhite sideboard.
- His chairs featured open shield backs and had a very delicate
appearance.
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- Solid Cherry
- Inlaid apron
- Tapered Legs.
- Typical the CT river valley from Hartford up north through MA.
- Circa 1800
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- Adam,1760-1792
- Four Brothers Adam, Robert, James, and William
- Architects who turned into furniture designers.
- Developing a style to match the houses they planned.
- None were craftsmen, and others produced their work.
- They drew their inspirations from Green and Roman styles and started a
revolutionary era of carving.
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- Adam,1760-1792
- Slender, strait and curving lines, tapering legs leading to flat
surfaces.
- Ornamented with painting, gilding, and inlay.
- Occasional delicate low-relief carving is used with classical Greek and
Roman motifs, discs, fans, pendants, acanthus, pineapples, human
figures, animal heads, and urns.
- Upholstery brocade, damask, striped satin, and silk.
- Mahogany and satinwood were favored woods.
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- Ornate Commode
- Mahogany
- Extensive Satinwood Inlay
- Limited or no carving
- Square feet
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- Sheraton, 1780-1806
- Thomas Sheraton was a teacher, preacher, bookseller, fanatic, and
pamphleteer in addition to being a furniture designer.
- He was not a master craftsman, but he exerted a tremendous influence on
furniture craftsmen through his designs in his four books.
- He jobbed out all orders to cabinetmakers, who executed his designs.
- Sheraton designed the first twin beds, roll-top desks, kidney-shaped
tables, and dual-purpose furniture.
- Slender, refined, delicate designs that are structurally sound and
durable in construction.
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- Sheraton, 1780-1806
- Legs are slender, usually round, but never cabriole.
- All pieces are well-proportioned, with strait lines predominating.
- Ornamentation is simple, with inlay and marquetry used extensively.
- Carving was classical, with ferns, ovals, urns, etc.
- Favored woods were mahogany for dining rooms, bedrooms, and libraries;
satinwood, rosewood, and painted furniture for drawing rooms.
- Upholstering fabrics were plain, striped, and flowered satins, silks,
and damasks.
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- Library Table
- Material mahogany
- Brass claw feet
- Gold tooled leather top.
- Plain Apron
- Fluted Feet
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- Stick bow back
- Arm chair.
- Mahogany
- Twisted back slates
- Silk upholstery.
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- Drop Leaf
- Probably maple with nicely turned legs.
- Painted decoration.
- New England origin.
Ca. 1820-1830
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- Sheraton Arm Chairs
- Paint and stencil decoration.
- Probably Boston origin. Ca. 1820-1830.
- Caning Seat
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- Federal,1795-1830
- Dubbed the “American Period”
- First totally distinct American period
- Credited to Duncan Phyfe.
- The period is broken into two sections: Early Duncan Phyfe, or Federal,
and Late Duncan Phyfe, or American Empire.
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- Early Duncan Phyfe
- Distinctive style inspiration from Hepplewhite, Sheraton, and Adam.
- Combined use of strait and curved.
- Light carving, turning, fluting, reeding, acanthus, cornucopias, oak
leaves, palm and laurel, wheat, and swags.
- Upholstery silks, satin, brocade, wool, and horsehair.
- Use X-crossed legs on chairs.
- Exclusively Mahogany
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- Late Phyfe
- Turning to influence of the French Empire Style,
- Furniture becomes heavier and sturdier.
- Claw and bracket feet and
- Heavy pedestal tables.
- Metal mounts are used extensively
- Introduction of walnut, oak, ash, hickory, and fruitwood are used,
mahogany still predominating.
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- Circa 1830.
- The first known roll top.
- Solid American walnut.
- Cloth backed hand spoke shaven solid wood slats.
- Extensive use of Turnings
- Hand carving & fluting
- Brass hardware.
- Dovetail joint work.
- Artisans Reproduction.
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- Mahogany
- Classic Phyfe curved fluted legs.
- Brass hardware and casters
- Tooled leather surface
- Turned pedestal base with three legs.
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- Mahogany, extensive figured San Domingo.
- D-shaped drop-leaves
- Apron and urn shaped pedestal design
- Drawer at one end and a false drawer at the other
- Acanthus leaf carving, continuing to four saber legs
- Carved paw feet
- Brass castors.
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- Solid Mahogany
- Elegant lines using turned legs and ball & claw feet.
- Finials, carved pineapple predominate
- The splash back with a broken arch
- Oblong top, canted front corners & brass gallery sides above a
conforming
- Concave-shaped shelf with brass beading,
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- Victorian, 1830-1890
- Named for Queen Victoria
- English design copied enthusiastically in America.
- Large, heavy, substantially built, clumsy style.
- Dark shades of upholstery are used, and
- Many designs show poor planning.
- Rosewood and black walnut are favored woods.
- Carving motifs: scrolls, flowers, leaves, & figures.
- Chairs have oval and horseshoe-shaped backs. Large rockers became
popular.
- Dining room furniture was large and bulky, with pedestal tables
predominating.
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- Mahogany
- Tall chest
- Shaped beveled mirror. Both the top crest and harps for the mirror have
rich detailed carvings.
- Serpentine drawer fronts have lovely figured grain.
- The top drawer, sides corners, base, and feet all feature fine carvings.
- Brass pulls
- Circa: 1900
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- ROSEWOOD Jeliff Armchairs.
- Notice the individual open carved crests:
- Beautifully carved arms
- Draped with tassels and full bearded gentlemen dressed in elaborate
collars.
- gilt incising throughout with nicely turned legs.
- Diamond tufted damask.
- Circa: 1870
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- Rococo Victorian rosewood side chairs
- Laminated backs.
- Rope turning on the top and very elaborate open carved curved backs with
C-scrolls and a cluster of grapes in a heart in the center.
- American Furniture of the 19th Centery
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- Massive Mahogany Closed Dining or Center Table
- Thick Reeded Base
- Heavy Curled Double Clawed Feet.
- Circa: 1890
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- Renaissance Revival Victorian
- Walnut
- Inset marble top
- Burled rimmed apron
- Fancy shaped base with round cutouts, burl panel accents, and incised
rosettes on each foot.
- Circa: 1870
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- Mission 1880 – Present
- Design dominated by Gustav Stickley and family
- Purely American Conception
- Furniture of function and simplicity
- No Carving
- Almost always oak, occasional walnut or maple.
- Square – no taper, no curves
- Mortis and Tenon joints
- Parallel and perpendicular lines
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- Solid Oak, quarter sawn.
- Square, no ornamentation.
- Simple drawers
- Square non-tapered legs.
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- Slat back Chair
- Square, simple look.
- Thick, mass sturdy style.
- Mortis and tenons
- Distinctive square slats common to all pieces.
- Range natural to dark finishes.
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- Massive style
- Protruding leg tops square solid legs
- Mortis and tenon
- Solid Oak
- Brass Pulls
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- Slat Back
- Square Legs
- Slight Press Back
- Leather Seat
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- Country Furniture
- Country furniture has no period or set dates; a piece can be 1720,
1830, 1870, or 1920.
- Three General Categories:
- Pennsylvania Dutch
- Shaker
- Country crude.
- Made in the country usually by resourceful farmers.
- Bound by no conventions, always practical using, pine, poplar, cherry,
oak, walnut, maple, etc.
- Finishes of all styles.
- Simple through ornate or stenciled. Usually limited carving if any.
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- Solid Oak
- Hand Shaven Spokes
- Simple arms
- Curved Back
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- Shown in pine, often oak, poplar or cherry.
- Raised panel doors.
- Inset drawers and doors.
- Wooden pulls (often brass or wrought iron) and iron hardware.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Shown in solid pine.
- Tung and groove back solid pine.
- Slat panel door.
- Simple rustic moldings, no carving.
- Artisans Reproduction.
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- Staple of the country kitchen.
- Shown in Pine
- Punched tin panel doors, also often copper or brass.
- Iron hardware and wooden pulls.
- Mortis and tenon construction.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Shown in pine, all American woods popular.
- Wedged trestles allowed disassembly.
- Flat, plank top, no apron – also easy transport.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Rustic knotty pine, again common all American Hardwoods.
- Raised Panels
- Flat Drawers
- Plank top
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Circa 1720
- Materials northern pine.
- Early John Goddard design.
- Simple construction, six pine boards nailed together.
- Limited shell carving.
- Metal hinges.
- Legs made of arching skirting, no independent jointed legs.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Painted, black
- Raised panel front
- Stenciled designs, very popular and common.
- Artisans Reproduction
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- Distressed paint
- Stenciling
- Raised Panels
- Often in Poplar, also oak or pine.
- Wooden pulls
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- Crude finish, painted
- Iron hardware
- Top skirting for storage
- Wooden knobs
- Panel Door
- Case Construction
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- Painted Lowboy
- Brass hardware
- Plank top
- Beaded edge drawers
- Tapered legs into Spoon Feet
- Brass pulls
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- Dutch Windsor Chair
- Painted
- Turned legs
- Dowel joints
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- German inspiration
- Very simple support structure.
- No feet, trestle style wedged beam.
- Plank Top
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- Harvest Table
- Natural finish
- Turned legs
- Mortis and Tenon
- Plank Top
- Shown in cherry, often oak or pine.
- No carving
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- Clean simple lines, limited molding
- Glass door with mullions.
- Raised Panel Door
- Common mostly in oak.
- Wooden Knobs
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- Dining Side Chair
- Simple dowels.
- Often limited strength.
- Finials atop back posts.
- Caning is very common.
- Ladder Back Design
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- Dutch Windsor Chair
- Painted
- Turned legs
- Dowel joints
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- Round Top
- Turned Pedestal
- Three Legs
- No Carving
- Natural Finish
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- Golden Oak 1880-1930
- High quality solid oak, oak plywood, and oak veneer furniture.
Occasionally available in walnut.
- Modular construction with options on order.
- Often Quarter Sawn, featuring ornate grain patterns.
- Golden patina from light to dark brown/black
- Machine crafted mass production.
- Often extensive ornate carving, machine rounded and hand touched.
- Recent surge in collectors value
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- Original 19th C. Horner Brothers
Dining Table
- Quarter-sawn oak
- Machine/Hand Carved
- Carved dolphins, each end of the base, and one on each end of the top
section.
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- Solid oak, quarter sawn
- Architects Desk
- Shell wooden pulls
- Slanted Wooden Top
- Panel Sides
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- Shaker Style Desk
- Quarter sawn oak
- Flat panel doors.
- Mortis & Tenons
- Brass Hardware
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- School Chair
- Solid oak
- Metal bracing & brackets
- Dowell joints & screws.
- Artisans Restoration
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- Carved press back
- Turned slats and legs
- Caned Seat
- Quarter Sawn Oak
- Dowel Construction
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- Classic S-Roll Top
- Solid Oak/Oak Plywood
- Wired slat roll top
- Heavy wooden pulls.
- Disassembles for easy transport.
- Artisans Restoration
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- Pedestal Table
- Classic round kitchen table with leaves.
- Octagon base with square legs, often highly ornate pedestal bases.
- Golden finish
- Artisans Restoration
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- Chimney Cabinet
- Oak/Oak Plywood
- Norwegian carvings, faces, turnings for columns and feet.
- Panel doors
- Brass locks and hardware.
- Artisans Restoration
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- School Desk & Chair
- Solid oak
- Mortis & Tenon with metal braces
- Two tone finish.
- Artisans Restoration
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- Viking Chest/Server
- Solid Oak/Veneer
- Beautifully Hand Carved.
- Fluting work & egg and dart patterns.
- Turned feet.
- Brass Hardware
- Golden honey finish.
- Artisans Restoration
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- Quarter Sawn Oak
- Simple shaped legs
- Wooden Knobs
- Plank sides
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- Conclusion
- The last of the great periods was the Victorian.
- All furniture produced since has been reproductions, except for modern
furniture of steel and plastic.
- No new outstanding styles have
appeared, and they probably will not, because the era of
hand-sculptured furniture is over, made obsolete by the machine and
rising labor costs.
- These things have made the costs of antiques rise out of the ordinary
person's reach. The only fine furniture being produced today is
hand-made reproductions by the few craftsmen left.
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- Artisans of the Valley
- 103 Corrine Drive
Pennington, NJ 08534
- 609-637-0450
- 609-637-0452 fax
- www.artisansofthevalley.com
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- Photo Credits
- We apologize if there are any private or copy written photos in this
presentation. Our intention is
for educational purposes, we don’t profit directly from this text or the
photos. Images were obtained from a variety of sources including
internet image searches. If anyone has any objections to the use of
these photos for educational purposes please contact us and we’ll be
happy to swap for other examples or of course provide credits or
reciprocal use of our resources.
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